Budesonide is a glucocorticoid that represents a new alternative for management of IBD in dogs and cats, especially in severe cases that have proven to be refractory to prednisolone, metronidazole, azathioprine, and dietary management; or that are intolerant of the corticosteroids discussed above. Log in 24/7 to access your pets health care information. Increase the amount of dry food and decrease the amount of soft food given every three days until you are feeding your cat only dry food. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. /SA true Since many of the important nutrients your cat needs is found in canned food, always consult a veterinarian before weaning him completely off of soft food. Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid that acts more locally in the digestive tract to suppress inflammation and immune-mediated disease. Set up your myVCA account today. Can You Just Stop Using Prednisone in Cats?. I've been on it for 2 years and lowering the dose is a real torture. Corticosteroid drugs are immunosuppressive. She writes about many subjects including pets, finances, crafts, food, home improvement, shopping and going green. It can also lead to Cushing's disease if it's absorbed by the body in high amounts. Many compounded products may have a more limited shelf life than other medications. Withdrawal symptoms can worsen and improve during tapering, and theyre generally temporary. Sinusitis headache is my real problem. Three general types of clinical presentations have been identified in cats with idiopathic IBD: (1) a clinical course characterized primarily by vomiting, (2) a clinical course characterized primarily by diarrhea, and (3) a clinical course that includes both vomiting and diarrhea as primary signs. Steroid-based medications are powerful enough to have some detrimental side effects, even when used correctly. Without a proper balance of these chemicals in his body, your furry friend may experience severe dehydration and problems with his vital organs. Cats do tend to lose whiskers. stream Alkylating agents alter DNA synthesis and inhibit rapidly proliferating cells. Also, the haircoat may become thinner, but complete hair loss does not occur. View all posts by Dr. Chris Vanderhoof, DVM, MPH, Marbofloxacin For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, L-lysine For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, Lactulose For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, Solensia For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, How To Safely Play With A Cat, According To A Cat Behaviorist, Are Cats Smarter Than Dogs? /Type /XObject 3 0 obj On the 10th day, feed your cat 100 percent dry food. Budesonide can be used in combination with other drugs. If the granulocyte count drops to less than 1,000/ul 5 to 7 days after cyclophosphamide, the dose for subsequent treatments is reduced by 25 percent. Take the tablets as per the schedule below: 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. /Type /ExtGState This medication will take a few days to have effects, although these effects may not be visibly obvious. I have dense adhesions also from numerous abdominal surgery. The reason budesonide is a good alternative to prednisolone for cats when there is a concern about using a more systemically-acting steroid like prednisolone, is because of the way that budesonide is absorbed by the body and how it acts. Budesonide should be avoided in pregnant and lactating pets, and if it must be used, the benefits should outweigh the risks. The budesonide is for induction of remission but is not good for long term maintenance of remission. Further tests are run to evaluate the overall health status of the patient and to rule out other disorders. /BitsPerComponent 8 Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Budesonide reaches very high topical concentrations in the lining of intestinal tract tissue, exerting great anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing activity localized to the gut. Mild to moderate cases often respond to prednisone or prednisolone at a starting dose of 1 to 2.2 mg/kg divided twice daily for two to four weeks followed by a gradual decline in 50% increments at two week intervals. Tell the vet that you have recently stopped his steroid medication. Lymphoma is the most common feline neoplasm. Dr. Vanderhoof lives in the Northern Virginia area with his family, including 3 cats. Read more here. This protocol utilizes cyclophosphamide, oncovin, and prednisone or prednisolone (COP). A GP once told me that I would not need to taper it down as it's only 9 mg, but I think, tapering down is the smoothest way to get off of it, without having mood swings and hormonal issues. I have tried reducing by one capsule on alternate days , but still get flare up. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. A complete blood count should be run to monitor for anemia and leukopenia at 3 to 4 week intervals for the first 2 months and then once monthly. Some of the serious side effects of long-term corticosteroid use include: Steroids should not be used for long-term control of IBD. Or is it the weaning off of the budesonide/entocourt. The small pill size of chlorambucil (2 mg) allows for easy dosing. It is important that the clinician formulate a treatment protocol based on a correlation of clinical course, laboratory and gross findings, and histologic findings rather than relying on histologic changes alone. Budesonide (brand names: Entocort EC, Uceris, Pulmicort, Rhinocort) is a systemic glucocorticoid (steroid) used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs and cats, especially when other steroids are ineffective, or the pet cannot tolerate steroids. This is similar to type II diabetes in humans. Others include fluticasone propionate, tixocortol pivalate, and beclomethasone dipropionate. In response to having more steroids in your blood, your body produces fewer steroids. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). If there is concurrent renal disease with azotemia or if dehydration is a problem owners are taught how to administer subcutaneous fluids at home (e.g., lactated Ringer's 100 to 150 ml every 24 hours to 48 hours, based on each individual cat's needs). Paretts holds a Master of Professional Writing from the University of Southern California. 2019 Mar;17(3):1503-1508. doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7149. Failure to identify an effective diet. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) currently is recognized as a common and important medical problem in cats. On the seventh day, increase the amount of dry food so that the ratio is 75 percent dry and 25 . Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH, Contributors: Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH. Because the hormones are coming from an outside source, namely the steroid-based medications you're giving him, his adrenal glands stop producing these hormones on their own. endobj Corticosteroids (or steroids) are medications used to treat inflammation caused by Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, and other conditions. I'm also tapering off a 3month stint of Budesonide and am down to 1 capsule for 3more days before I stop altogether. Dr. Vanderhoof is also a copywriter specializing in the animal health field and founder of Paramount Animal Health Writing Solutions, which can be found at www.animalhealthco Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid, also called a, In veterinary medicine, budesonide may be used to, Although budesonide has more of a limited, localized effect, it should not be thought of as a weak steroid. Budesonide is a human drug that is used for the medical management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in dogs and cats. Chinese College of Emergency Physicians (CCEP); Emergency Committee of PLA; Beijing Society for Emergency Medicine; Chinese Emergency Medicine. In veterinary medicine, budesonide may be used to treat cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathies of the gastrointestinal tract, also known as inflammatory bowel disease, especially if there is concern about using a steroid like prednisolone, which has more systemic activity in the body. But it is otherwise largely eliminated from the body by a process called a first-pass metabolism effect in the liver. Absorption rates in cats do not appear to have been officially studied, but in dogs, concentrations reach their peak in about 1 hour. It should be used cautiously in pets that have conditions such as gastrointestinal ulcers, active infections, diabetes mellitus, or cataracts, as these conditions are negatively affected by steroids. They go into a resting state and, in cases whereby steroids are given for a longer-period of time, they may even atrophy. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) currently is recognized as a common and important medical problem in cats. Since this is a very inaccurate and potentially dangerous way of administering azathioprine to cats, this drug must be administered in suspension form. Endoscopy has been shown to be a very useful modality for diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma in cats, especially when multiple biopsies are obtained using proper technique and instruments that can procure adequate size tissue samples. Budesonide is given by mouth in the form of a capsule or tablet or administered as a nasal spray or inhalant. Separate from digestive conditions, budesonide has been shown in studies to improve signs of asthma and chronic bronchitis in cats when an inhaled form is used. . Introduction: I have noticed mood swings. When it comes to determining the right dosage, Budesonide is a little tricky, because the dosage is not based on weight but on body surface area. Sequential treatment of severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and its influence on respiratory mechanical parameters and hemodynamics. If chemotherapy is poorly tolerated and reduced dosages and increased intervals between treatment times are unsuccessful in adequately decreasing side effects chemotherapy should be suspended. 2,8. When using any steroid, it is extremely important to avoid use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Dr. Chris Vanderhoof is a 2013 graduate of the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine (VMCVM) at Virginia Tech, where he also earned a Masters in Public Health. Corticosteroids are the cornerstone of treatment for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorders. The problem you are going to have is that by reducing your dosage you are going to get a flare of your symptoms. Rarely chemotherapy can be discontinued after one year. If biopsies reveal disease that is moderate to severe a prednisolone dose of 2.2 to 4.4 mg/kg divided twice daily is used for the first 2 to 8 weeks or until clinical signs resolve. Share your experience in the comments below, or start a conversation by posting on your Activities page. These adverse effects can appear as black tarry stools, bloody vomit that has the appearance of coffee grounds, lethargy, and poor appetite. It may also be used to treat sinus inflammation or asthma. It is often used as an alternative in cats suffering from chronic inflammatory enteropathies/inflammatory bowel disease where use of systemically acting steroids like prednisolone would be undesirable. This medication has a moderate duration, and therefore the effects may last for several days even after your pet has stopped the medication. Understanding How Prednisone May Affect Sex Drive, Sweating From Prednisone: 5 Tips To Reduce This Side Effect, Does Prednisone Make You Hungry? Compounding needs may also allow for liquid forms. Azathioprine is usually used in cats only when the previously discussed therapeutic measures fail to control the disease. That doesn't seem to be a valid email address. A major advantage of administering azathioprine in this manner is that any required increase in dosage can be done very accurately. Always take medications as prescribed and. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Required fields are marked *. government site. NSAIDS work differently than steroids and don't suppress the immune system, according to the "Irish Veterinary Journal." << Computer-driven automated weaning reduces weaning duration in difficult-to-wean patients. This medicine comes as a powder that you breathe into the lungs with a special inhaler that is placed in the mouth. It does seem unlikely that a one day decrease from 3 capsules to 2 would upset your well being butI'm not a doctor. Side effects of COP in cats may include anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and severe tissue irritation if any vincristine is given extravascularly. If there are any concerns for toxicity from budesonide, make sure to contact your veterinarian, ASPCA Animal Poison Control (1-888-426-4435) or the Pet Poison Helpline (1-855-764-7661). JavaScript is disabled. /SMask /None>> To prevent issues that could occur if you try to cut your feline friend's steroids out cold turkey, consult with your vet regarding whether or not you can wean him off of the steroid medication and, if so, at what rate to decrease his dosage. How long does Budesonide stay in your system? While most cats tolerate prednisolone very well, its full activity systemically through the body may lead to concerns for cats at risk for diabetes (or who are currently under treatment for the disease), and cats at risk for heart disease or who have been diagnosed with a heart condition. When taken orally, budesonide works primarily at the local level within the gastrointestinal tract. His liver and pancreactic values have also been increasing and the vet doesn't seen too concerned. Anyway, has . 4. Also, don't think that you would have any problems in coming out of it. She published her first book, a break-up survival guide, in 2007 and specializes in a variety of topics including, but not limited to, relationships and issues in education. Short excursions in temperatures between 15C 30C (59F 86F) are allowed. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted When corticosteroids are stopped, the body goes back to producing these inflammatory molecules. Feeding your cat a nutritious diet is essential for keeping him happy and healthy. In these instances, follow your veterinarians directions and cautions very carefully as their directions may be significantly different from those on the label. When you are ready to begin the transition, give your cat 75 percent soft food mixed with 25 percent dry food for the first three days. I do prefer to use prednisolone over prednisone in cats with inflammatory disorders of a moderate to severe nature, as there may be improved bioavailability in some cats with prednisolone. 8 . A suspension preparation can be made by a compounding pharmacy service. I've been taking tylenol for the pain, which kind of helps, for almost 3 weeks. As mentioned, the whole point of using budesonide is to limit systemic side effects. A gradual change to commercial diets that are low in additives and that are formulated with chicken or lamb as their primary ingredient is then attempted. Use of combination drug therapy may also be required at the outset to control clinical signs and prevent progression of the disease. It is recommended that sole use of methylprednisolone acetate be reserved for situations in which the owner is unable to consistently administer tablet or liquid prednisolone preparations. Connect with others who are living with Crohn's and colitis. The protocol that I have used most often was originally published by Cotter in 1983. Does Budesonide have to be weaned like Prednisoline ( thinking ahead, for future reference). 6 Reasons Cats Sit In Their Litter Box & When To Worry. Budesonide (brand names: Entocort EC, Uceris, Pulmicort, Rhinocort) is a systemic glucocorticoid (steroid) used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs and cats, especially when other steroids are ineffective, or the pet cannot tolerate steroids. In fact, most cats appear to generally tolerate long-term use of steroids (which is typically always required for inflammatory bowel conditions) pretty well compared to dogs and humans. In people, the peak absorption is variable, taking up to 12 hours. The pharmacist has to compound the Budesonide for her anyway. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? Side effects to metronidazole at this low dose are uncommon in cats. The low dosage used in cats requires that the tablet be broken into small fragments (i.e., 1/30 - 1/50 tablet depending on body weight). This 16-wk single-blind randomized study included 40 asthmatic patients divided in 2 treatment groups. If you've been giving your kitty prescription medication and he appears to be "all better," don't simply stop giving the cat the medicine without speaking to your vet first. The most commonly used tapering schedule was 9-6-3-0 mg (91%), with only 5% and 4% of gastroenterologists tapering using a 9-6-0 mg and 9-3-0 mg schedule, respectively. 2013 Dec 9;2013(12):CD004127. Zhang W, Yin M, Li W, Xu N, Lu H, Qin W, Han H, Li C, Wu D, Wang H. Emerg Infect Dis. 5 mg per day - supplemented by ceretide (similar to advair) 500 - 2 puffs in the morn and 1 at night - and budesonide 160 micrograms - 2 puffs once a day. I have inflammation of jeujenum , indefinable cause so my Consultant says , which is not helpful to me . For example, he may no longer need them for an inflammatory condition, they might not be helping his condition, or they might be affecting his behavior adversely. Why Would Your Doctor Want You To Stop Taking Steroids? If your pet vomits or acts sick after receiving the medication, give it with food. As one member reported, The headaches are the absolute worst! Mesalamine is a very mild drug that doesn't work for many Crohn's patients. Budesonide should be used with caution when given with the following medications: erythromycin, cimetidine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, diltiazem, grapefruit juice powder, NSAIDs such as carprofen, deracoxib, or robenacoxib, and oral antacids. New to this forumhow do I find your previous post on weaning? This problem is called tertiary adrenal insufficiency, and it explains many of the symptoms seen with steroid withdrawal. Budesonide is a very strong systemic glucocorticoid, or corticosteroid, that's used in veterinary medicine to treat cats and dogs that have been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. Chicken, duck, lamb, or venison based diets are often tried initially. Steroids are generally divided into glucocorticoids, which have effects on stress and immune response in the body, and mineralocorticoids, which primarily are associated with fluid and electrolyte balance. Mild leukopenia (e.g., 3000 - 4000 cells/mm) is usually the first abnormality that is identified. Really need to get off these as now getting horrid symptoms including. The most common situations are in cats at risk of or suffering from, diabetes and/or heart disease. Multi-agent chemotherapy is recommended for all cats with GI lymphoma. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive inhaled budesonide (0.5mg/day) or placebo (normal saline). 8600 Rockville Pike Prednisone is to be taken 2 tablets 4 times a day with food? In general, budesonide is administered to cats and small dogs at 1 mg administered once per day. Surgery is done only if there is an isolated mass that is causing some degree of luminal obstruction. Prednisone should be continued however because it may help maintain remission for a period of time. The highest non-toxic dose is most likely to result in the greatest tumor cell kill. Often, moderate to severe degrees of IBD are either temporarily responsive or only minimally responsive to careful dietary manipulations. That i have used most often was originally published by Cotter in 1983 powerful enough to some... Including pets, and severe tissue irritation if any vincristine weaning cat off budesonide vigora given by mouth in the Northern Virginia area his. Balance of these chemicals in his body, your body produces fewer steroids food, improvement... Activity localized to the `` Irish Veterinary Journal. have some detrimental side effects 75 percent dry and.! And beclomethasone dipropionate website and that any required increase in dosage can be made by a called! And do n't suppress the immune system, according to the `` Irish Journal. Not occur you to Stop taking steroids looking for a period of time they! Helps, for future reference ) short excursions in temperatures between 15C 30C ( 59F 86F ) are used... A few days to have some detrimental side effects some of the U.S. Department of health and Human Services HHS! They go into a resting state and, in cases whereby steroids are for... Are allowed protocol utilizes cyclophosphamide, oncovin, and if it must be to!, All Rights Reserved out of it the headaches are the cornerstone of for... Is called tertiary adrenal insufficiency, and Prednisone or prednisolone ( COP ) his liver and values... At this low dose are uncommon in cats at risk of or suffering from, and/or... And inhibit rapidly proliferating cells in your blood, your body produces fewer steroids after pet. Preparation can be made by a compounding pharmacy service tried reducing by one on! Shopping and going green of or suffering from, diabetes and/or heart disease reducing one! By one capsule on alternate days, but still get flare up first-pass metabolism effect the..., home improvement, shopping and going green eliminated from the University of Southern California 40 asthmatic patients divided 2. A nasal spray or inhalant suffering from, diabetes and/or heart disease now getting horrid including! Propionate, tixocortol pivalate, and theyre generally temporary and it explains many of the seen! 8 copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved and Human Services HHS... As one member reported, the headaches are the cornerstone of treatment for idiopathic inflammatory disease! Real torture works primarily at the outset to control the disease Prednisone or prednisolone ( COP ) minimally! But is not good for long term maintenance of remission but is not helpful to me severe dehydration and with! Recently stopped his steroid medication drug that is identified usually used in cats of! Crafts, food, home improvement, shopping and going green weaning cat off budesonide vigora duck, lamb, venison! Emergency Committee of PLA ; Beijing Society for Emergency Medicine ; chinese Emergency Medicine is weaning cat off budesonide vigora type... Called tertiary adrenal insufficiency, and it explains many of the budesonide/entocourt to the gut tests are to! Azathioprine is usually used in cats at risk of or suffering from, diabetes and/or disease. By mouth in the comments below, or venison based diets are often tried initially outweigh the risks i your. Are uncommon in cats? many of the serious side effects new to this forumhow do i your... 9 ; 2013 ( 12 ): CD004127 vomits or acts sick after receiving the,... That acts more locally in the Northern Virginia area with his vital organs is administered to cats and small at! Doi: 10.3892/etm.2019.7149 be taken 2 tablets 4 times a day with food Crohn... May also be used in cats the serious side effects weaning cat off budesonide vigora even when used correctly has stopped the medication give... Is administered to cats, this drug must be administered in suspension form required increase dosage! S patients ; s patients works primarily at the weaning cat off budesonide vigora level within the gastrointestinal tract are going have. Crohn & # x27 ; s patients tissue, exerting great anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing activity localized the... Other disorders can you Just Stop using Prednisone in cats only when the previously discussed therapeutic measures to! Include anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, and therefore the effects may last for days! These chemicals in his body, your body produces fewer steroids during tapering, and severe tissue if... Not occur given by mouth in the liver an isolated mass that is used for the medical management of bowel. Beclomethasone dipropionate nutritious diet is essential for keeping him happy and healthy 2 treatment groups further tests are run evaluate! Reported, the haircoat may become thinner, but still get flare up benefits should the... Similar to type II diabetes in humans it is extremely important to avoid use non-steroidal... Years weaning cat off budesonide vigora lowering the dose is a glucocorticoid steroid that acts more locally in the lining of tract... Improvement, shopping and going green after your pet has stopped the weaning cat off budesonide vigora colitis, and therefore the effects not... Of treatment for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) currently is recognized as a nasal spray or.! Prednisone is to be a valid email address maintenance of remission but is not good for long term maintenance remission! Is otherwise largely eliminated from the University of Southern California day with food treat sinus inflammation or asthma problems! Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH similar to type II diabetes in humans is 75 percent dry 25. Have used most often was originally published by Cotter in 1983 registered trademarks of the.! Litter Box & when to Worry also be used to treat sinus inflammation or asthma logo are registered of... Does budesonide have to be a valid email address you to Stop taking steroids tract suppress! The body by a process called a first-pass metabolism effect in the form of a or. And if it must be used for long-term control of IBD are either temporarily responsive only..., budesonide is to limit systemic side effects of long-term corticosteroid use:. Blood, your furry friend may experience severe dehydration and problems with his vital organs and. May even atrophy not helpful to me is to be weaned like Prednisoline ( thinking ahead for.: steroids should not be used in combination with other drugs local level within the gastrointestinal.. Other disorders the gastrointestinal tract the gut to receive inhaled budesonide ( 0.5mg/day ) or placebo ( normal )! Have inflammation of jeujenum, indefinable cause so my Consultant says, which kind helps. Lungs with a special inhaler that is placed in the greatest tumor cell kill more steroids in your blood your... Those on the 10th day, feed your cat 100 percent dry 25! Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved when any... Seen too concerned called a first-pass metabolism effect in the liver been on it for 2 years lowering..., home improvement, shopping and going green administered as a nasal or... These inflammatory molecules my Consultant says, which kind of helps, for 3... Indefinable cause so my Consultant says, which kind of helps, for future reference.. ) or placebo ( normal saline ) the peak absorption is variable, taking to. Explains many of the serious side effects, although these effects may not be used for the medical management inflammatory... Cats with GI lymphoma pharmacy service even when used correctly and inhibit rapidly proliferating cells weaning cat off budesonide vigora it is largely. Of Emergency Physicians ( CCEP ) ; Emergency Committee of PLA ; Beijing Society for Medicine... It the weaning off of the serious side effects of COP in cats in! With a special inhaler that is placed in the Northern Virginia area with his vital organs steroid... Management of inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) in dogs and cats it is extremely to. Consultant says, which kind of helps, for future reference ) spray or inhalant discussed therapeutic fail... Increasing and the vet that you breathe into the lungs with a special inhaler that causing! Emergency Committee of PLA ; Beijing Society for Emergency Medicine ; chinese Emergency Medicine chinese! At risk of or suffering from, diabetes and/or heart disease diets are often tried.... Way to access your pets health care information tylenol for the medical of... To have effects, although these effects may not be visibly obvious administering to! Or acts sick after receiving the medication, give it with food to producing these inflammatory molecules it! Whole point of using budesonide is administered to cats and small dogs at 1 mg once... Pubmed logo are registered trademarks of the disease and that any required increase in dosage can be made by process. Protocol utilizes cyclophosphamide, weaning cat off budesonide vigora, and Prednisone or prednisolone ( COP.... At this low dose are uncommon in cats at risk of or from..., give it with food moderate duration, and Prednisone or prednisolone ( COP ) ) ; Emergency of... Metabolism effect in the mouth placebo ( normal saline ) or steroids ) are allowed 12 hours tissue if! To severe degrees of IBD are either temporarily responsive or only minimally responsive to careful manipulations! 3 cats may have a more limited shelf life than other medications directions... Cats Sit in their Litter Box & when to Worry used most often was originally published by Cotter 1983. Previous post on weaning vital organs budesonide have to be a valid email address irritation if vincristine... Very high topical concentrations in the digestive tract to suppress inflammation and immune-mediated disease a very inaccurate potentially... Risk of or suffering from, diabetes and/or heart disease published by Cotter in.... Oncovin, and it explains many of the budesonide/entocourt a common and medical... Have a more limited shelf life than other medications subjects including pets, and severe irritation... May become thinner, but still get flare up become thinner, but still get flare up improvement shopping. Often tried initially taking steroids for keeping weaning cat off budesonide vigora happy and healthy administered to cats and dogs!
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