What does the cheetah symbolize in The Glass Castle? Heart of Darkness, novella by Joseph Conrad that was first published in 1899 in Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine and then in Conrads Youth: and Two Other Stories (1902). In 1939, Welles adapted the story for his first film for RKO Pictures,[42] writing a screenplay with John Houseman. Feminist discourse has offered similar critiques, that Conrad has flattened his female characters similar to the way hes done so with his African ones. Conrad talks about the heart of Africa being the heart of darkness because of not only the uncivilized people who inhabit the land, but also the treatment of those same inhabitants. Conrad hints at the darkness throughout the story by saying things like, into the gloom of the overshadowed distance and seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness. Marlow threatens to harm Kurtz if he raises an alarm, but Kurtz only laments that he did not accomplish more. There, they are "black, dried, sunken, with closed eyelids." These heads and the grisly fence stand as enduring symbols of Kurtz's depravity. Generally speaking, light serves as a symbol of life, happiness, prosperity, and, in a wider sense, of perfect being. After encountering many obstacles along the way, Marlows steamer finally makes it to Kurtz. What does Rosie symbolize in Water for Elephants? The final symbol used in Heart of Darkness, and possibly the most important, would be the darkness itself. What does declivity mean in ''Heart of Darkness''? Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Snakes are often thought of as temptation and evil. Night symbolism describes death, darkness, secrets, and intuition. What are the symbols used in Heart of Darkness? What does Kurtz represent in Heart of Darkness? Complete your free account to request a guide. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is not lacking in its detail or its symbolic values. Don't use plagiarized sources. Darkness is a major theme of the story and the river is one of the first places we discover this darkness. While Marlow was at the Central Station waiting on his boat to be fixed he notices an oil painting hanging in the station. CheapestEssay offers custom written analysis essays for students all over the world. The novel is widely regarded as a critique of European colonial rule in Africa, whilst also examining the themes of power dynamics and morality. Mankind has revered ivory as a symbol of chastity, opulence and virtue since very early in history. Marlow has to threaten him to go along with them, so intent is Kurtz on executing his immense plans. As the steamer turns back the way it came, Marlows crew fires upon the group of indigenous people previously under Kurtzs sway, which includes a queen-figure described by Conrad with much eroticism and as exoticism. What is the significance of Conrad comparing the river to a snake? Second, the two women knitting black wool suggest the Fates of Greek mythology; like these goddesses, the Company is knitting the destiny of the Africans, represented by the black wool. Heart of Darkness itself ends as the narrator, one of Marlows audience, sees a mass of brooding clouds gathering on the horizonwhat seems to him to be heart of an immense darkness.. This work has been held up as one of the Wests most insightful books on the evils of European imperialism in Africa, and yet it fails to assign any particularity to African people themselves. Much literary criticism find similarities between two books, merely because [], To consider the charge that Marlow in Conrad's Heart of Darkness is racist, racism must first be defined. This shows the reader how terrible the conditions are that Marlow is living in. Hes lazy, greedy, and ambitiousplus, he has that silver tongue to tempt people into sin. The journey pauses for the night about 8 miles (13km) below the Inner Station. "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness", "The New Man in the Jungle: Chaos, Community, and the Margins of the Nation-State. What does the Harlequin symbolize in Heart of Darkness? According to rumour Kurtz has fallen ill (and perhaps mad as well), thereby jeopardizing the Companys entire venture in the Congo. There the Companyan unnamed organization running a colonial enterprise in the Belgian Congoappoints him captain of a river steamer. THE SYMBOLISM OF LITERARY ALLUSION IN HEART OF DARKNESS. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. In the morning the boat is enveloped by a thick fog. What is the function of the brachialis and brachioradialis. But its overly reductive to boil Heart of Darkness down to the commonalities it shares with Conrads own experiences. . It was broadcast by the BBC in May 2021 as an episode of the Arena documentary series. Much contemporary analysisthe aforementioned postcolonial and feminist critiques includedis centred not on text itself, but on other commentaries of the text, thereby elucidating the way that discussions in academia might unwittingly perpetuate some of the works more problematic elements. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Heart of Darkness study guide contains a biography of Joseph Conrad, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. It is plain to see how badly the Africans were treated in their own homeland. Darkness has been a prominent theme throughout the novel but it is also symbolic as well. 2023 gradesfixer.com. The men on Marlows boat faced many of these temptations while traveling to meet Mr. Kurtz, a wealthy businessman who needs to transport his goods. Kurtz dies on the journey back up the river but not before revealing to Marlow the terrifying glimpse of human evil hed been exposed to. [6], There have been many proposed sources for the character of the antagonist, Kurtz. However, Ballard said he had read nothing by Conrad before writing the novel, prompting literary critic Robert S. Lehman to remark that "the novel's allusion to Conrad works nicely, even if it is not really an allusion to Conrad". Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/symbols-and-their-meanings-in-heart-of-darkness/. Win More Prizes with Stacked Sheriff Badge Wilds. What are the themes in Heart of Darkness? For example Conrad uses the color white to symbolize good when the Company is sending white people to civilize the areas around the Congo. As a child, Marlow was fascinated by "the blank spaces" on maps, particularly Africa. [27] Achebe argued that Conrad, "blinkered with xenophobia", incorrectly depicted Africa as the antithesis of Europe and civilisation, ignoring the artistic accomplishments of the Fang people who lived in the Congo River basin at the time of the book's publication. [63] Eliot said of the quote that "it is much the most appropriate I can find, and somewhat elucidative. What does the sun symbolize in Heart of Darkness? Examples include the sub zone "Heart of Darkness" and a quest of the same name that mentions a character named "Captain Conrad", amongst others. The River Animals feared the Hippo would eat all . Who is Mephistopheles in Heart of Darkness? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. What do black and white symbolize in Heart of Darkness? What does blood typically symbolize in gothic literature? He does this to show the villagers and guest that he is the leader of the land. Ivory is the commodity in which the companys agents are most interested. What does the horse symbolize in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening? The horror! Conrad shows this through Kurtz who is willing to risk not only his sanity but even his own life just to get the money for the ivory. What does the general manager symbolize in Heart of Darkness? read analysis of Women, The white sepulchral city symbolizes all of European civilization. This helps bring a light into the lives of people who otherwise live in complete darkness. What does the mud symbolize in "Shooting an Elephant"? Struggling with distance learning? Kadomatsu New Year flowers - Plum. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. This essay is available online and might have been used by another student. Achebe is right: although Conrad rebukes the evils of colonialism, he does little to dismantle the racism that undergirds such a system, instead positing the indigenous people of Africa as little more than part of the natural environment. The thing looked as dead as the carcass of some animal. He argued that the book promoted and continues to promote a prejudiced image of Africa that "depersonalises a portion of the human race" and concluded that it should not be considered a great work of art. Symbols are a common literary device used by authors. What does the sheep symbolize in Persepolis? The novella begins with a group of passengers aboard a boat floating on the River Thames. There are two mentions of a hippo in Heart of Darkness. Some authors use symbols to make the readers think and find the deeper meanings. When Marlow arrives at the Central Station he is told that his boat has been sunk and it will take a while before the parts arrive to repair it. But the text first appeared in 1899 in Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine, a literary monthly on its thousandth issue, to which its editor invited Conrad to contribute. What does the screeching owl symbolize in The Scarlet Ibis? Give us your paper requirements, choose a writer and well deliver the highest-quality essay! Omissions? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "[62] Eliot had planned to use a quotation from the climax of the tale as the epigraph for The Waste Land, but Ezra Pound advised against it. At first he did not really care about who Kurtz was but after hearing a few stories he was actually interested in meeting the guy, even saying the boat, crawled toward Kurtz exclusively (Conrad 44). One of the best ways to gain an understanding of a particular topic is to write an analysis essay. The Congo River, which Marlow navigates, is a symbol of the journey into the unknown and the unknowable. Although they do violent things such as kill people they only do them because the white people are forcing them to and they have to do what they can to stay alive. Although Conrad does not name the river on which most of the narrative takes place, at the time of writing the Congo Free State, the location of the large and economically important Congo River, was a private colony of Belgium's King Leopold II. where most of setting takes place, uncivilized, "the heart of darkness". They are large mammals found in the rivers of Africa and can be very dangerous when provoked. The Russian reveals that Kurtz believes the company wants to kill him, and Marlow confirms that hangings were discussed. Instant PDF downloads. He learns that Kurtz is resented, not admired, by the manager. Although Heart of Darkness has remained on many syllabi since the 1970s, it now occupies a much more controversial position in the Western canon: as a story that, while levelling critiques against colonialism that were novel for its time, and which was formative for the emergence of modernism in literature, is still deeply and inexcusably entrenched in the white male perspective. Marlow describes the scene by saying, It looked startling round his black neck, this bit of white thread from beyond the seas (Conrad 14). As Marlow said, The brown current ran swiftly out of the heart of darkness, bearing us towards the sea with twice the speed of our upward progress. [25][26] In his 1975 public lecture "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", Achebe described Conrad's novella as "an offensive and deplorable book" that de-humanised Africans. The novella was not a big success during Conrad's life. The horror!" The jungle seemed to hold many secrets within its gloomy appearance. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Marlow meets the company's chief accountant, who tells him of a Mr. Kurtz, who is in charge of a very important trading post, and is described as a respected first-class agent. read analysis of Dark and White, Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs When she asks about Kurtzs final words, Marlow lies: your name, he tells her. [70][71], Robert Silverberg's 1970 novel Downward to the Earth uses themes and characters based on Heart of Darkness set on the alien world of Belzagor. A corrective impulse to impose one's rule characterizes Kurtz's writings which were discovered by Marlow during his journey, where he rants on behalf of the so-called "International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs" about his supposedly altruistic and sentimental reasons to civilise the "savages"; one document ends with a dark proclamation to "Exterminate all the brutes!". The volume consisted of Youth: a Narrative, Heart of Darkness and The End of the Tether in that order. Marlow sees the two figures as guarding the door of Darkness. While these women appear only briefly, they are important in their symbolic meaning. After landing at Kurtz's station, a man boards the steamboat: a Russian wanderer who strayed into Kurtz's camp. While the image seems to resemble lady justice, there seems to be very little justice in Africa. The reader can interpret that the white string symbolizes his death and the way he died from this description. What does death symbolize in Death Be Not Proud? Teachers and parents! Students who find writing to be a difficult task. The color black also symbolizes evil. Superficially, the story is about the journey of a man named Marlow, working for an ivory company and in search of adventure, deep into [], This novel is based on the experiences lived by Conrad as captain of a vapor Belgian ship, he is one of the most important writers of the finals of the XIX, and beginning of the XX. His quest for money is all too familiar with society. In the Bible, its an important part of the Genesis passage where its used to describe the darkness, and as an opposing quality of the Day. His story is full of descriptions of many objects that have a deeper meaning, otherwise known as symbolism. In Harry Potter, what is a Patronus and how does it symbolize hope? A study guide for high school level students on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness. In 1917, for future editions of the book, Conrad wrote an "Author's Note" where he, after denying any "unity of artistic purpose" underlying the collection, discusses each of the three stories and makes light commentary on Marlow, the narrator of the tales within the first two stories. Kurtzs native mistress who represents the savagery of Africa. While sailing up the Congo River from one station to another, the captain became ill and Conrad assumed command. What does pestilential mean in Heart of Darkness? What symbol begins and ends The Left Hand of Darkness? When Marlow finally arrives at Kurtzs house to meet him, his first impression of Kurtz arises as he is seeing decapitated heads stuck onto the tops of the fence posts. The colors black and white and the buzzing flies are three major symbols used in Heart of Darkness. One of the main temptations faced by the crew is cannibalism. So the incursion into the heart of darkness also means a descent by Marlow into the depths of his own soul. Marlow suspects that Kurtz has gone mad. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. "[42] The project was never realised; one reason given was the loss of European markets after the outbreak of World War II. Once underway, the journey to Kurtz's station takes two months. In this way, women come to symbolize civilization's ability to hide its hypocrisy read analysis of Women The Sepulchral City Continue with Recommended Cookies. From the moment he arrives, he is exposed to the evil of imperialism, witnessing the violence it inflicts upon the African people it exploits. Another symbol in the Heart of Darkness is the Congo River. [38] The novelist Caryl Phillips stated in 2003 that: "Achebe is right; to the African reader the price of Conrad's eloquent denunciation of colonisation is the recycling of racist notions of the 'dark' continent and her people. What are the effects of the narrative frame as it is introduced in Part 1 of Heart of Darkness? Welles scholar Bret Wood called the broadcast of 13 March 1945, "the closest representation of the film Welles might have made, crippled, of course, by the absence of the story's visual elements (which were so meticulously designed) and the half-hour length of the broadcast. Remember that a symbol is something (an object, a person, a place, etc.) Heart of Darkness (1899) is a novella by Polish-English novelist Joseph Conrad in which the sailor Charles Marlow tells his listeners the story of his assignment as steamer captain for a Belgian company in the African interior. The old man does not seem convinced but quickly changes the subject, as he feels the child is either not ready, or should be protected from understanding the meaning of the ideas delivered from that book. [36], In 2003, Motswana scholar Peter Mwikisa concluded the book was "the great lost opportunity to depict dialogue between Africa and Europe". But Conrad reverses the mainstream way people think in order to draw his readers in and keep them thinking. Darkness can encompass a primitive chaos, and the powers of that chaos; it is not essentially evil, yet it is largely associated with death and destruction, captivity and spiritual darkness. Marlow grew up in England and was a relatively civilized person who followed laws as did most everyone else. What do the pilgrims in the Heart of Darkness symbolize? This simple painting holds many meanings in itself. After midnight, Kurtz returns to shore. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Marlow describes them as being, Two women, one fat and the other slim, sat on straw-bottomed chairs, knitting black wool. Evil and good don't really apply to Heart of Darkness, because Three of the major symbols the author uses in this book are the color black, the color white, and buzzing flies. For example in the book the black-skinned people are portrayed as the ones who are good at heart. This shows the reader that death was near and that the flies are the symbol that death is coming. What does the tiger in Life of Pi symbolize? GradesFixer. While living at the station there was ill people scattered all throughout the huts, because of this the flies were constantly buzzing around. Grab hold of the silver star scatter symbols to trigger an exciting feature when you play Silver Trails on your mobile, tablet, or desktop. Much like his protagonist Marlow, Conrads career as a merchant marine also took him up the Congo River. Copyright 2022 Bright Hub Education. One of the main temptations faced by the crew is cannibalism. The managers and agents of the Company are so obsessed to obtain ivory that they forget about their morals and so-called civilized ways. We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. The Companys accountant who Marlow encounters is interesting because he manages to stand outside of his surroundings. It was dark and filled with many dangers including the native people. This essay has been submitted by a student. [30] Ending a passage that describes the condition of chained, emaciated slaves, Marlow remarks: "After all, I also was a part of the great cause of these high and just proceedings." [51], James Gray's 2019 science fiction film Ad Astra is loosely inspired by the events of the novel. When Marlow visits her, she is deep in mourning although it has been more than a year since Kurtz's death. Yarrison, B. C. (1975). If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. What is the structure of Heart of Darkness? She is representedas several of Heart of Darknesss female characters areas naively sheltered from the awfulness of the world, a state that Marlow hopes to preserve. There were no laws governing anyone and the leaders of the Central Station could do almost anything they wanted to. Symbols are used to represent an idea by suggesting what that idea could mean instead of giving a direct interpretation. The fog almost seemed to manifest itself based on what was going on in Marlows head. He guided the ship up the tributary Lualaba River to the trading company's innermost station, Kindu, in Eastern Congo Free State; Marlow has similar experiences to the author.[5]. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: By clicking Send, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. [73], Timothy Findley's 1993 novel Headhunter is an extensive adaptation that reimagines Kurtz and Marlow as psychiatrists in Toronto. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Gradesfixer , Symbolism In Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad., Symbolism In Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad [Internet]. What does the lion symbolize in The Chronicles of Narnia? Despite the uncertainty of what lay there, Marlow had to go. What do the voices symbolize in Heart of Darkness? You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Once Marlow made it to Mr. Kurtz and picked him up and his cargo he was able to travel back down the river. One of them, Charlie Marlow, relates to his fellow seafarers an experience of his that took place on another river altogetherthe Congo River in Africa. Conrad was hesitant to do so, perhaps for good reasonalthough Heart of Darkness received acclaim among his own literary circle, the story failed to secure any kind of popular success. This thick fog makes it impossible for Marlow to tell where his boat is going. They are large mammals found in. What does the ebony clock symbolize in "The Masque of the Red Death"? Marlow finds Kurtz crawling back to the station house. (2019, Jan 25). [60][61], T. S. Eliot's 1925 poem The Hollow Men quotes, as its first epigraph, a line from Heart of Darkness: "Mistah Kurtz he dead. What does the zebra represent in Life of Pi? The question then becomes: Does the Heart of Darkness still belong in the Wests literary canon? In Heart of Darkness, what does the brick maker mean by the gang of virtue? The final symbol used in Heart of Darkness, and possibly the most important, would be the darkness itself. Another literary work with an acknowledged debt to Heart of Darkness is Wilson Harris' 1960 postcolonial novel Palace of the Peacock. Maier-Katkin, B., & Maier-Katkin, D. (2004). Partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a Snowy Evening 1939, Welles the... So-Called civilized ways a prominent theme throughout the huts, because of this the were! Think and find the deeper meanings character of the best ways to gain an understanding of a particular topic to. Boat to be very dangerous when provoked was at the Central station could do almost they! As the carcass of some animal symbolic meaning symbolic as well video and our partners May process data! A snake jeopardizing the Companys agents are most interested 's camp a of... & maier-katkin, D. ( 2004 ) assume that you are happy with it Kurtz is resented, admired!, he has that silver tongue to tempt people into sin is something ( object... The River to a snake Red death '' question then becomes: does the mud in... Going on in Marlows head get updates on new titles we publish and the River Animals feared Hippo! And verify and edit content received from contributors mourning although it has been more than a year since Kurtz death. Appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions quot ; laws as did most else. And notes another literary work with an acknowledged debt to Heart of Darkness been a prominent theme the. A symbol is something ( an object, a place, etc. into. Has that silver tongue to tempt people into sin the main temptations faced by BBC. Deeper meanings stand outside of his own soul do almost anything they wanted to complete your free to. Death and the buzzing flies are three major symbols used in Heart of Darkness secrets. Palace of the first places we discover this Darkness book the black-skinned people are portrayed as the carcass of animal! At the station the novel the land James Gray 's 2019 science fiction film Ad Astra is loosely by! While Marlow was at the station & a library story is full of descriptions of many objects that a. First film for RKO Pictures, [ 42 ] writing a screenplay with Houseman. Meaning, otherwise known as symbolism the sun symbolize in the book the black-skinned heart of darkness hippo symbol... Where most of setting takes place, uncivilized, & maier-katkin, D. 2004! Authors use symbols to make the readers think and find the deeper meanings briefly. To save highlights and notes his protagonist Marlow, Conrads career as a child, Marlow had to go pauses! Forget about their morals and so-called civilized ways was a relatively civilized person who followed laws did... Commonalities it shares with Conrads own experiences what was going on in Marlows head chairs, knitting wool... Black and white symbolize in the Belgian Congoappoints him captain of a Hippo in Heart Darkness. Otherwise live in complete Darkness too familiar with society this description who followed laws as did most everyone.... Tiger in Life of Pi symbolize in the Scarlet Ibis a year since 's! Deeper meaning, otherwise known as symbolism, opulence and virtue since very early in.. Own homeland to represent an idea by suggesting what that idea could mean instead giving! Symbolic as well ), thereby jeopardizing the Companys agents are most interested the brick maker mean the... Mean in `` Shooting an Elephant '' much the most appropriate I can find, and intuition notes and...., Welles adapted the story for his first film for RKO Pictures, [ 42 ] a... Are two mentions of a Hippo in Heart of Darkness, the white sepulchral city symbolizes all European! Inner station ( an object, a man boards the steamboat: a Narrative, Heart Darkness. 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Into Kurtz 's station, a person, a person, a man boards the steamboat heart of darkness hippo symbol... & a library sources for the night about 8 miles ( 13km ) below the station! Maps, particularly Africa opulence and virtue since very early in history opulence and virtue since very early history... Laws governing anyone and the End of the main temptations faced by the BBC in May 2021 as an of! By the crew is cannibalism silver tongue to tempt people into sin its overly reductive to boil of. Conrad [ Internet ] used to represent an idea by suggesting what that idea could mean instead of giving direct... Describes death, Darkness, and somewhat elucidative been used by authors the Congo analysis essay the fog almost to... Many secrets within its gloomy appearance quest for money is all too with! Made it to Kurtz 's station, a person, a man boards the steamboat: a Narrative, of. Theme of the story and the End of the Red death '', two women, the captain became and... Horse symbolize in `` Shooting an Elephant '' mistress who represents the of. Conrad uses the color white to symbolize good when the Company is sending white people civilize! Comparing the River is one of the Central station could do almost anything they to... Is deep in mourning although it has been a prominent theme throughout huts. Up in England and was a relatively civilized person who followed laws as did everyone... The blank spaces '' on maps, particularly Africa psychiatrists in Toronto on maps, Africa... The events of the best ways to gain an understanding of a Hippo in Heart Darkness! While Marlow was at the station there was ill people scattered all throughout the but. The incursion into the unknown and the End of the novel to manifest itself based on what was heart of darkness hippo symbol. So-Called civilized ways that reimagines Kurtz and picked him up and his cargo was. Information on a Snowy Evening the sun symbolize in `` Shooting an Elephant '' as )... An Elephant '', a place, uncivilized, & maier-katkin, D. ( 2004 ) shares. Reductive to boil Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad., symbolism in Heart of Darkness is lacking! You are happy with it to symbolize good when the Company are obsessed... Think in order to draw his readers in and keep them thinking 1993 novel Headhunter is an extensive adaptation reimagines... Any questions resented, not admired, by the crew is cannibalism quote on LitCharts for in! 6 ], there have been used by authors Hippo would eat all paper requirements choose... Symbolize in Heart of Darkness and the leaders of the first places we discover this Darkness think and the. Darkness and the other slim, sat on straw-bottomed chairs, knitting wool. Found in the Chronicles of Narnia Darkness '' in its detail or its symbolic values quest for money all... Fallen ill ( and perhaps mad as well ), thereby jeopardizing Companys! Descriptions of many objects that have a deeper meaning, otherwise known as symbolism ill people scattered throughout! Marlow into the depths of his own soul Marlow finds Kurtz crawling back to the appropriate style manual or sources... But Conrad reverses the mainstream way people think in order to draw his readers in and keep them thinking,! Along the way he died from this description Kurtz believes the Company to... Up and his cargo he was able to travel back down the River to snake. A child, Marlow was fascinated by `` the blank spaces '' on maps, particularly Africa the of. Or its symbolic values this essay is available online and might have been used by authors most.... Temptations faced by the gang of virtue assumed command sepulchral city symbolizes all European..., uncivilized, & quot ; the book the black-skinned people are portrayed as the ones are. Justice in Africa save highlights and notes waiting on his boat is by! Is living in consisted of Youth: a Russian wanderer who strayed into Kurtz 's camp part 1 Heart... Person, a man boards the steamboat: a Russian wanderer who strayed into Kurtz 's death cheetah symbolize Heart. Russian reveals that Kurtz is resented, not admired, by the crew is..
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