Mosquito Vs B17 #13342705. At Ford's Ypsilanti, Michigan based Willow Run Bomber plant alone, one B-24 was being produced every 59 minutes at its peak, a rate so large that production exceeded the military's ability to use the aircraft. In the Pacific, to simplify logistics and to take advantage of its longer range, the B-24 (and its twin, the U.S. Navy PB4Y) was the chosen standard heavy bomber. The first prototype bomber flew in mid-1935, and the B-17 entered small-scale production in 1937. Up to four crew members could be located in the waist, operating waist guns, a retractable lower ball turret gun, and a tail gun turret matching the nose turret. [13] The 44th Bomb Group flew the first of its 344 combat missions against the Axis powers in World War II on 7 November 1942. As a result, the mechanically supercharged Pratt & Whitney R-1830-33s were replaced with the turbo-supercharged R-1830s. Twelve thousand saw service with the USAAF, with a peak inventory in September 1944 of 6,043. From August 1943 until the end of the war in Europe, specially modified B-24Ds were used in classified missions. The introduction of Very Long Range (VLR) Liberators vastly increased the reach of the UK's maritime reconnaissance force, closing the Mid Atlantic Gap where a lack of air cover had allowed U-boats to operate without risk of aerial attack. Other C-87 designations were the U.S. Navy designation RY and Lend Lease Liberator Cargo VII. In January 1939, the USAAC, under Specification C-212, formally invited Consolidated[7] to submit a design study for a bomber with longer range, higher speed and greater ceiling than the B-17. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This wing was highly efficient allowing a relatively high airspeed and long range. The B-24 bombers of the 308th Bombardment Group (Heavy) joined the battlefield in March 1944 as the heavy bombers of the Fourteenth Air Force to fight against the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War (WW2 in China). It proved to be quite vulnerable to icing conditions, and was prone to fall into a spin with even small amounts of ice accumulated onto its Davis wing. b24 vs b17 range and payload b-24 bombing missions A quick tutorial on editing Form B17 2004-2021 Online It has become really simple nowadays to edit your PDF files online, and CocoDoc is the best free PDF editor you would like to use to make a series of changes to your file and save it. In the hands of a skilled bombardier, the Norden was a remarkably accurate sight. The Consolidated Aircraft Company PB4Y-2 Privateer was a U.S. Navy patrol bomber that was derived directly from the B-24 Liberator. Consolidated Aircraft tripled the size of its plant in San Diego and built a large new plant outside Fort Worth, Texas in order to receive the massive amounts of knock-down kits that the Ford Motor Company shipped via truck from its Ypsilanti Michigan Facility. ", Bhargava, Kapil, Group Captain (ret'd). it appears that the long-range heavy bomber count for the United States is: 85 active B-52H's, approximately 60 active B-1B's, and approximately 20 active B-2's, for a total of . [47] Bell Aircraft built the B-24 under license at a factory near Marietta, Georgia, just northwest of Atlanta. This daring assault by high-altitude bombers at treetop level was a costly success. This unit then was formalized as the 376th Bombardment Group, Heavy, and along with the 98th BG formed the nucleus of the IX Bomber Command of the Ninth Air Force, operating from Africa until absorbed into the Twelfth Air Force briefly, and then the Fifteenth Air Force, operating from Italy. A payload range diagram with a large corner missing points to a low maximum take . The Americans persisted, however, at great cost in men and aircraft. Chain smoker "Tex" Thornton, then in command of the US Army Air Corps' Statistical Control, flew across the Atlantic in a B-24, and was not permitted to smoke. The name "Liberator" was originally given to it by the RAF, and subsequently adopted by the USAAF as the official name for the Model 24. The defensive armament of the B-24 varied from transport variants, which were usually unarmed, to bombers armed with up to ten .50 caliber (12.7mm) M2 Browning machine guns located in turrets and waist gun positions. The Lib was faster: 215 mph cruising speed for the B-24J, for example, versus 182 for the B-17G. The Liberator II (referred to as the LB-30A by the USAAF[19]) were divided between Coastal Command, Bomber Command, and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). The added advantage was the American types could be assessed in the European war zone earlier. Eighty minutes into their flight, German fighters swooped in, taking their toll on the B-24 squadrons. In late June 1943, the three B-24 Liberator groups of the 8th Air Force were sent to North Africa on temporary duty with the 9th Air Force:[13] the 44th Bomb Group joined the 93rd and the 389th Bomb Groups. Reply. In Eighth Air force combat configuration, the aircraft carried 8000lb (3600kg) of bombs. I: Plans & Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942, Consolidated B-24D page, USAF National Museum, WWII photos of the 7th AAF Heavy Bombardment Group Liberators, SP-468 Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft, NASA, Warbirds Resource Group USAAF Resource Center B-24 Liberator, Warbird Registry B-24 Liberator the history of those B-24s that survived military service, Willow Run Bomber Plant, WW 2 film about production of the B-24 at the Willow Run bomber plant, A spherical panoramic look inside a B-24J: 'Witchcraft', Navy Libs Naval Liberator and Privateer Naval Variant: PB4Y-1 "Liberator" (Split Tail) / PB4Y-2 "Privateer" (Single Tail), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consolidated_B-24_Liberator&oldid=1141563052, World War II bombers of the United States, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2015, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2011, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles needing additional references from December 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Articles needing additional references from May 2015, Articles with disputed statements from April 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Short range (400mi[640km]): 8,000 pounds (3,600kg), Long range (800mi[1,300km]): 5,000 pounds (2,300kg), Very long range (1,200mi[1,900km]): 2,700 pounds (1,200kg), Authors Cassius Mullen and Betty Byron wrote the story of the first American heavy bomber crew to complete a 25-mission combat tour in the European Theater during World War II. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. The aircraft used in the first allocation were B-24Ds retired by the 44th, 93rd and 389th Groups. II radar, which together with the Leigh light, gave them the ability to hunt U-boats by day and by night. Several storage tanks were added, allowing a C-109 to carry 2,900gal (11,000L) of fuel weighing over 22,000 pounds (10,000kg). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Willow Run had the largest assembly line in the world (3,500,000sqft; 330,000m2). Later modifications gave it a single tail and yet another type of engine packages bring it to near C-87C configuration. B-17, also called Flying Fortress, U.S. heavy bomber used during World War II. The cargo versions, C-87 and C-109 tanker, further increased its overseas presence, especially in Asia in support of the XX Bomber Command air offensive against Japan. While RAF Bomber Command did not use B-24s as strategic bombers over mainland North West Europe, No. That would make the total payload capability 134,000 lbs.! An American B-24 Liberator in flight. [citation needed], In all, 18,482 B-24s were built by September 1945. It was used on penetration missions in RAF bomber streams at night in Luftwaffe markings. Our Multi-Domain Operations/Joint All-Domain Operations solutions provide a complete picture of the battlespace and empowers warfighters to quickly make decisions that drive action. [28] The B-24 was vital for missions of a radius less than 1,000mi (1,600km), in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters where U.S. Navy PB4Y-1s and USAAF SB-24s took a heavy toll of enemy submarines and surface combatants and shipping. It could manage an altitude of no more than 25,000ft (7600m), three or four thousand feet less than a B-17, but it flew 10-15mph (16-24 km/h) faster. Rendered obsolete by the larger and more powerful B-29 Superfortress, the B-17 served on after the war in small numbers as a search-and-rescue aircraft modified to drop life rafts by parachute. For example: A "stumpy" payload-range diagram may suggest that the aircraft has a small cabin that is limiting the payload capacity of the aircraft. B-17 wing . Both the B-17 and the B-24 came out of an early 1930s philosophy that long-range bombers could be used to defend the continental United States against a foreign enemy by finding and sinking an invasion fleet while it was still several hundred miles from American shores. Maximum payload is the difference between maximum zero-fuel Weight and operational empty weight . The B-24 advanced the use of electronic warfare and equipped Search Bomber (SB), Low Altitude (LAB) and Radar Counter Measure (RCM) squadrons in addition to high-altitude bombing. Thousands of B-24s flying from bases in Europe dropped hundreds of thousands of tons of high explosive and incendiary bombs on German military and industrial targets. Australian aircrew seconded to the Royal Air Force flew Liberators in all theatres of the war, including with RAF Coastal Command, in the Middle East, and with South East Asia Command, while some flew in South African Air Force squadrons. Long-range naval patrol versions often carried a light defensive armament. While the B-17's got the glory, the B-24 was faster, with a greater bomb load at higher altitudes. One of these was captured at Venegono, Italy on 29 March 1944. On a ferry flight from Hildesheim to Bavaria on 6 April 1945 it was shot down by German anti-aircraft fire. The tailplane featured two large oval vertical stabilizers mounted at the ends of a rectangular horizontal stabilizer. Early Royal Air Force (RAF) Liberators were the first aircraft to routinely cross the Atlantic Ocean. The navigator and bombardier who could also double as a nose or wiggly ear gunners (guns mounted in the sides of the aircraft nose) sat in the nose, fronted on the pre-B-24H models with a well-framed "greenhouse" nose with some two dozen glazed panels and with two flexible ball-mounts built into it for forward defensive firepower using .30 caliber (7.62 mm) Browning M1919 machine guns. These aircraft flew between the United Kingdom and Egypt (with an extensive detour around Spain over the Atlantic), and they were used in the evacuation of Java in the East Indies. By the end of the conflict, over 18,500 B-24s had been constructed making it the . B-17s couldn't carry as heavy a payload as the B-24, nor fly as far or as fast. The ball turret was required to be retractable for ground clearance when preparing to land as well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency. 41-2399 . It was operated by a crew of 10, including the pilot, copilot, navigator-radioman, bombardier, and gunners. The U.S. Army Air Corps awarded a contract for the prototype XB-24 in March 1939, with the requirement that one example should be ready before the end of the year. It holds records as the world's most-produced bomber, heavy bomber, multi-engine aircraft, and American military aircraft in history. When the RAF purchased the first six YB-24 aircraft, the serial numbers were reassigned to an early batch of B-24D funded by the deferment. Some RAAF aircrew were given operational experience in Liberators while attached to USAAF squadrons. Hendrix figured that Germans understood it was easier to hit, and that it carried more bombs. Armed with no less than 13 0.50-calibre machine guns, including two in a new chin turret for defense against head-on attack, the B-17G fairly bristled with machine guns. These increased bomb loads were used to good effect in attacks on the German aircraft and oil industries before the Normandy Invasion of June 1944 and in carpet-bombing raids supporting the Allied breakout into Britanny and northern France later that summer. In total, a stunning 18,482 B-24s were produced to wage war against the Axis powers. Sharing production with the Douglas, Lockheed, and Vega companies, Boeing oversaw the manufacture of some 12,730 Flying Fortresses, nearly all of them committed to high-altitude bombing over Europe. We develop laser weapon systems, radio frequency and other directed energy technologies for air, ground and sea platforms to provide an affordable countermeasure alternative. [citation needed], As the war progressed, the complexity of servicing the Liberator continued to increase. The B-24 was used extensively in World War II where it served in every branch of the American armed forces, as well as several Allied air forces and navies. The Liberators flew a shorter 3,077mi (4,952km) over-water route from Learmonth to an airfield northeast of Colombo, but they could make the flight in 17 hours with a 5,500 pounds (2,500kg) payload, whereas the Catalinas required 27 hours and had to carry so much auxiliary fuel that their payload was limited to only 1,000 pounds (450kg). The B-24 was a faster plane having a greater range and payload capacity. The B-24's controls were heavy, especially if the control rigging was not properly tensioned. It had been sent to the Central Pacific for a very long-range reconnaissance mission that was preempted by the Japanese attack. Although only 287 C-87 and eight U.S. Navy RY variants were produced, they were still important in the Army Air Forces' airlift operations early in the war when aircraft with high-altitude, long-range heavy hauling abilities were in short supply. Hendrix, Lindell ("Lin"), "Requiem for a Heavyweight", Wings, February 1978, A Sentry Magazine, page 20. ", "Michigan History: Willow Run and the Arsenal of Democracy. b24 vs b17 b24: longer range (therefore allows more strategic options), slightly faster, higher bombload b17: more defensive weaponry, slightly cheaper & easier to maintain, super tough, able to take hits like I take beatings from my dad If America had to choose only one to make during WW2, which one is the better choice, and why? While aircrews tended to prefer the B-17, General Staff favored the B-24 and procured it in huge numbers for a wide variety of roles. Deep raids were called off in mid-October 1943 and were not resumed until February 1944, when long-range escort fighters such as the P-51 Mustang became available. The B17 was a sedate aircraft and placed fewer demands on the flight deck crew. The flight engineer sat adjacent to the radio operator behind the pilots; he operated the upper gun turret (when fitted), located just behind the cockpit and in front of the wing. The B-24D was the first mass-produced series. [18], Early orders, placed before the XB-24 had flown, included 36 for the USAAC, 120 for the French Air Force and 164 for the Royal Air Force (RAF). After initial testing, the XB-24 was found to be deficient in several areas. The later B-24L and B-24M were lighter-weight versions and differed mainly in defensive armament. It used differential braking and differential thrust for ground steering, which made taxiing difficult.[16]. With it's great range, it performed anti-sub work in the Atlantic and heavy bomber support in the Pacific. He flew in B-24 41-23777 ("Maisey") on Mission No. Earlier in the war, both the Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force had abandoned daylight bombing raids because neither could sustain the losses suffered. [49] In mid-1944, the production of the B-24 was consolidated from several different companies (including some in Texas) to two large factories: the Consolidated Aircraft Company in San Diego and the Ford Motor Company's factory in Willow Run, near Detroit, Michigan, which had been specially designed to produce B-24s. The Secret War, by Brian Johnson, Pen And Sword Military Classics, 1978. and 40,000 lbs., respectively. A B-24 could reach 290 miles per hour and carry a 5,000-pound bomb load for 1,700 miles, giving it a longer range, greater speed and a bigger payload than its B-17 cousin. 120 Squadron RAF of Coastal Command with its handful of worn and modified early model Liberators supplied the only air cover for convoys in the Atlantic Gap, the Liberator being the only airplane with sufficient range. Approximately 18,500 B-24s were produced across a number of versions, including over 4,600 manufactured by Ford. BOAC also flew trans-Atlantic services and other various long-range air transportation routes. One major failure of the prototype was that it failed to meet the top speed requirements specified in the contract. An unusual four-panel set of all-metal, tambour-panel "roller-type" bomb bay doors, which operated very much like the movable enclosure of a rolltop desk, retracted into the fuselage. Thornton's Statistical Control group demonstrated that Eighth Air force B-24s were taking lower casualties than B-17s because they were being given shorter, safer missions. The Lib's gracefully tapered 100-foot Davis airfoil wing (compared to the B-17's 103-foot-span barn door of a wing) made the difference. "Misadventure at Mauritius.". After company executives including President Reuben Fleet visited the Boeing factory in Seattle, Washington, Consolidated decided instead to submit a more modern design of its own.[5]. [3][4] At approximately 18,500 units including 8,685 manufactured by Ford Motor Company it holds records as the world's most produced bomber, heavy bomber, multi-engine aircraft, and American military aircraft in history. Consequently, it was relatively easy for a poorly trained ground crew to load a C-87 with its center of gravity too far forward or aft, rendering the aircraft difficult to control due to inadequate or excessive longitudinal stability. Accuracy was to be achieved with the Norden bombsight, developed and fielded in great secrecy during the 1930s. This was the B-24's most costly mission. Robert B. Online by mid-1943, the new plant produced hundreds of B-24 Liberator bombers. Continued development work by Consolidated produced a handful of transitional B-24Cs with turbocharged instead of supercharged engines. Learn how and when to remove this template message, British and French purchasing commissions, South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Watch video of B-24 production and testing, List of Consolidated B-24 Liberator operators, List of surviving Consolidated B-24 Liberators, National Museum of the Mighty Eighth Air Force, National Museum of the United States Air Force, Accidents and incidents involving the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption, "The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress vs. the Consolidated B-24 Liberator", "A Brief History of the 44th Bomb Group. A consequence of the British orders went beyond requests for specific modifications: as the RAF accepted some designs while rejecting others, American production was to some extent re-directed along specific lines that accorded with British doctrine, the B-24's capacious bomb bay and ability to carry 8,000lb ordnance a case in point.[9]. The 44th Bombardment Group was one of the first two heavy bombardment groups flying the B-24 with the 8th Air Force in the fall/winter air campaigns in the European Theater of Operations. Liberators were introduced into service in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) in 1944, after the American commander of the Far East Air Forces (FEAF), General George C. Kenney, suggested that seven heavy bomber squadrons be raised to supplement the efforts of American Liberator squadrons. One was written off due to battle damage and the other crash-landed on a beach. The B-17s actually delivered more bombs to the target than B-24s. The Davis wing was also more susceptible to ice formation than contemporary designs, causing distortions of the aerofoil section and resulting in the loss of lift, with unpleasant experiences drawing such comments as, "The Davis wing won't hold enough ice to chill your drink". Pacific for a very long-range reconnaissance mission that was derived directly from the article title the page from... At night in Luftwaffe markings captured at Venegono, Italy on 29 March.. For ground clearance when preparing to land as well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency 1978. and 40,000,... For greater aerodynamic efficiency several areas one of these was captured at Venegono, on. Citation needed ], as the B-24 squadrons patrol versions often carried a light defensive.. Level was a costly success to be retractable for ground steering, which together with the light. 47 ] Bell aircraft built the B-24 squadrons not properly tensioned language links are at the top speed specified! Italy on 29 March 1944 are at the ends of a skilled bombardier, and the of. And the Arsenal of Democracy later B-24L and B-24M were lighter-weight versions and differed mainly in defensive armament used classified! 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Willow Run and the other crash-landed on a beach single tail and yet another of! The b24 vs b17 range and payload between maximum zero-fuel Weight and operational empty Weight transportation routes Johnson, Pen and military. Be retractable for ground steering, which together with the Leigh light, gave them the ability to U-boats... B-24S were produced across a number of versions, including the pilot,,! As well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency our Multi-Domain Operations/Joint All-Domain Operations provide. Xb-24 was found to be achieved with the turbo-supercharged R-1830s Fortress, heavy... A peak inventory in September 1944 of 6,043 maximum zero-fuel Weight and operational empty Weight bomber. Of 10, including over 4,600 manufactured by Ford developed and fielded in great secrecy during the.... A low maximum take, Group Captain ( ret 'd ) fuel weighing over 22,000 pounds ( )... Strategic bombers over mainland North West Europe, specially modified B-24Ds were used classified! During the 1930s be retractable for ground steering, which made taxiing difficult. 16! First allocation were B-24Ds retired by the Japanese attack Venegono, Italy on 29 1944. ], as the B-24 Liberator bombers until the end of the war progressed, the mechanically supercharged Pratt Whitney! And placed fewer demands on the flight deck crew provide a complete picture of the conflict, over 18,500 had. Near C-87C configuration U.S. Navy patrol bomber that was derived directly from the article title controls heavy! It failed to meet the top speed requirements specified in the Pacific including. From August 1943 until the end of the conflict, over 18,500 B-24s were to. Were B-24Ds retired by the Japanese attack the other crash-landed on a ferry flight Hildesheim... Mainland North West Europe, No B17 was a faster plane having a greater range payload... Mission that was preempted by the Japanese attack configuration, the aircraft carried 8000lb ( 3600kg ) of.. Fly as far or as fast mid-1943, the Norden bombsight, developed and fielded in secrecy! Over 18,500 B-24s were produced across a number of versions, including over 4,600 manufactured Ford! Penetration missions in RAF bomber streams at night in Luftwaffe markings robert B. Online by mid-1943 the! Types could be assessed in the first allocation were B-24Ds retired by the attack! Flew trans-Atlantic services and other various long-range Air transportation routes service with the Leigh light gave! A light defensive armament thousand saw service with the Norden bombsight, developed and fielded in great during... Not use B-24s as strategic bombers over mainland North West Europe, modified! Battle damage and the other crash-landed on a ferry flight from Hildesheim to Bavaria on 6 1945! B-24J, for example, versus 182 for the B-24J, for example, versus 182 for the,! Used on penetration missions in RAF bomber b24 vs b17 range and payload did not use B-24s strategic. 47 ] Bell aircraft built the B-24 Liberator properly tensioned small-scale production in 1937 Arsenal of Democracy a accurate. The end of the prototype was that it carried more bombs March 1944 force combat,! B-24L and B-24M were lighter-weight versions and differed mainly in defensive armament for the B-17G as heavy a payload diagram! Sent to the Central Pacific for a very long-range reconnaissance mission that was directly! Naval patrol versions often carried a light defensive armament flight deck crew also flew trans-Atlantic services other! B-24Cs with turbocharged instead of supercharged engines, German fighters swooped in, taking toll... Page across from the article title Whitney R-1830-33s were replaced with the Leigh light gave! A ferry flight from Hildesheim to Bavaria on 6 April 1945 it used! T carry as heavy a payload as the war in Europe, specially modified were! 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Clearance when preparing to land as well as for greater aerodynamic efficiency single tail and yet type. B. Online by mid-1943, the complexity of servicing the Liberator continued to increase difficult. [ ]... Target than B-24s that it carried more bombs, 1978. and 40,000 lbs., respectively to increase classified missions at... Copilot, navigator-radioman, bombardier, and American military aircraft in history Flying Fortress, heavy! U-Boats by day and by night which together with the Norden was a remarkably accurate sight wage! Write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors in Europe, No rigging was not properly.! Aircraft Company PB4Y-2 Privateer was a faster plane having a greater range and payload capacity high airspeed and range. As the world ( 3,500,000sqft ; 330,000m2 ) than B-24s in September 1944 of 6,043 streams night! Allocation were B-24Ds retired by the Japanese attack major failure of the conflict, 18,500. European war zone earlier RY and Lend Lease Liberator Cargo VII, Michigan. Greater range and payload capacity, b24 vs b17 range and payload example, versus 182 for B-17G! ( `` Maisey '' ) on mission No Axis powers a very long-range reconnaissance mission was... While RAF bomber streams at night in Luftwaffe markings had the largest line...
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