Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Condensation Silicones – Condensation silicone impression materials were the next elastomeric impr ession material to be developed for dentistry. 5. The equibiaxial elastomer characterization is the object of this paper. All the impression materials were found to show pseudoplastic behaviour which is readily described by a power law function. This review elaborates the major properties of elastomers and its implications on their use. Elastomeric impression materials (addition silicones and polyethers) offer high elastic recovery and acceptable flexibility on removal of the impression from the mouth. Hardness is basically the resistance of a material to permanent surface indentation. – They are hydrophobic, and the setting process is the re sult of a condensation reaction. The impressions made of addition silicone and polyether was accurate after one week and possibly longer. The second has a low viscosity. Five separate recordings were made for each velocity. The impression taken should be highly precise, thus, requiring specific care when manipulatingthese materials. Application times of 86 impressions, comprising 265 prepared teeth and 46 implants, taken by 14 different clinicians at a university dental clinic were analyzed. The authors suggest considering clinically relevant application times for impression taking in future in vitro studies on physicochemical characteristics of impression materials. J Prosthet Dent. Oral mucosa can distort under impressions. Extending the manufacturer's suggested setting time resulted in clinically relevant improvements in elastic recovery for products with a polyether backbone only. As the mouth is a wet environment a major consideration is hydrophilicity. The impression taken should be highly precise, thus, requiring specific care when manipulatingthese materials. It is recommended that for best results acrylic resin custom trays should be used routinely. A bubble inflation technique was used for this characterization. The Testing of Hyperelastic Properties of the Rubber Materials. 12 vinylpolysiloxane, 2 polyether, and 3 hybrid vinylpolyether silicone-based impression materials were … For the mixed materials the onset of molecular entanglement, whilst theoretically establishing the absolute end of the working time, gave a gross overestimate of the clinical working time. Pre- and post-set hydrophilicity of elastomeric impression materials. Hydrophilicity of unset impression materials underlies changes occurring during working time. Three elastomeric impression materials were chosen for the study. Clinical study of implant impressions with vinylsiloxanether versus polyether materials, The effect of seating velocity on pressure within impressions, Polyvinyl Siloxane impression materials: a review of properties and techniques, Rheological Properties of Elastomers during Setting, Accuracy of alginate and elastomeric impression materials. tomeric impression materials. showed the highest shark fin height values, while the newly formed vinylsiloxanether material exhibited Elastomeric impression materials are in common use. Materials used in the study together with their manufacturer, . One of the five polyvinylosiloxanes presented Materials and Methods. polysulfide. The three test groups, IM, ID, and IDF, were randomly allocated 10 test subjects with three to five implants each. The performance of three elastomeric materials for the open monophase implant impressions technique was tested under the following clinical conditions: polyether (IM) and vinylsiloxanether without (ID) and with additional simultaneous splinting of the implant impression copings with a higher shore hardness A-silicone (IDF). Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. NLM The mean time from loading the impression tray until its final position in the patient's mouth (total application time) was 51.2 seconds; confidence intervals were 46.9 (lower limit) and 55.5 (upper limit). This paper describes the development of an instrument for determining consistency, working time and setting time of elastomeric impression materials. There are 4 groups of elastomers; polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone and polyether; each differ in their setting mechanism and their physical and chemical properties. Optical traveling microscope (Fig. Generally, the addition-curing silicones were more accurate than the polyethers. Further experimental studies in this area are. NIH Which of the following impression materials has the smallest dimensional change on setting of all elastomeric and hydrocolloid impression materials? DISCUSSION According to ADA specifications, nonaqueous elastomeric impression materials are classified as Type I, II, or III according to certain of their elastic properties and dimensional change after setting. A selection of silicone rubber impression materials were studied for their rheological properties prior to and following mixing. The improved flow characteristics of new elastomeric impression materials are significant factors in the selection of suitable products for clinical applications. for the impression material.17 3. All impression materials showed statistically significant contact angle differences between unset and set surfaces (P < .05). The tensile properties of 17 hydrophilic impression materials with different consistencies were compared. A statistically significant superiority of ID in comparison with IM could be determined with regard to the subjective ratings of the taste by the test subject (p < .01), of the handling (p < .001) and of the precision details of impression (p = .012) by the dentist, and of removing the plaster model from the mold by the dental technician (p = .017). HHS cleft, in order to provide an accurate impression. Whilst the theoretical treatment applies qualitatively, there are major quantitative disparities, the reasons for which are discussed. All impressions showed a net shrinkage, resulting in too large a die stone and incomplete seating of the steel ring. In this review, the chemistry and important physical properties of polyvinyl siloxanes are summarized, and recent clinical questions of improved hydrophilics, tray adhesives, disinfection, and glove-induced polymerization inhibition are addressed. 2): For this study, various elastomeric impression materials were procured from the local market. selection of suitable products for clinical applications. Aimjirakul P, Masuda T, Takahashi H, Miura H. Int J Prosthodont. The IDF technique cannot be recommended for this application. Polyether is the only material that is truly hydrophilic; it exhibits the lowest contact angle, during and after setting. The number of registered teeth and implants did not influence the duration of impression taking. – An alcohol by-product rather than water is formed. 6. In addition some new elastomeric impression materials with improved properties and a new (experimental) light-cured impression material, are mentioned. To reduce or control mucosal distortion, modern impression techniques aim to reduce or control the impression pressure. The elastic nature of impression materials prevents the use of most hardness tests except for the Shore A, which uses a Shore A durometer whereby the value describes the material elasticity. Step 3 – Once cured, the Guide Screw is loosened and the impres-sion is removed. The polyvinylsiloxane impression materials develop elasticity at a rate that would not be apparent from measurements of viscosity or rigidity alone. A controlled stress rheometer has been used to monitor the changes in rheological properties occurring in five elastomeric impression materials during setting. Silicone. In the end the great significance of handling is outlined. There are 4 groups of elastomers; polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone and polyether; each differ in their setting mecha … The capillary viscometer is more useful than the cone and plate viscometer in providing information on the clinical working time. – Often, polysulfide materials are called “rubber” or “rubber base” materials, even though … One is very thick and is used in the tray. This highlights the potential danger of basing the evaluation of clinically important properties, such as working time, on simple measurements of viscosity or rigidity. As the primary end target is to obtain a model depicting accurately the oral details, an attention to the impressions' compatibility with gypsum should also be given. the real (G1) and imaginary (G2) parts of the complex shear modulus and the mechanical loss tangent (Tan δ). Elastomeric impression materials are in common use. Blueprint regular was found to be significantly more accurate than the two other alginates investigated, and had a degree of accuracy comparable with that of the more accurate elastomeric impression materials. DEFINITION OF ELASTOMERICIMPRESSION MATERIAL A group of flexible chemical polymers which are either chemically or physicallycross linked. compare the flow characteristics of seven different elastomeric impression materials using a shark fin test. Shark fin mean values of tested materials. 2 . Dimensional stability, a crucial property of the impression, is affected by the physical and chemical attributes of the material, such as its tear strength. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Results: Addition silicones provided dies which were shorter in height and bigger in diameter. All unset PVS materials were very hydrophobic initially but showed different kinetics of hydrophilization. Maxillary border molding& final impression - Elastomeric Impression Material (Polyether) - Dr. Mahmoud Ramadan - 4Dent tube - http://www.4dent.net/video Although new elastomeric impression materials have been introduced into the market, there are still insufficient data about their mechanical features. A dumbbell-shaped mold (2 mm x 4 mm x 75 mm) was used to prepare specimens (n=20) of 6 different impression materials (Affinis Light Body, Aquasil Ultra XLV, Express 2 Light Body Flow Quick, Flexitime Correct Flow, P2 Polyether Light, and Impregum Garant L DuoSoft). Suggestions to avoid this interaction are outlined. The compression set test is shown to involve shear strains and elastomers generally are Hookean in shear. When an extruder is used, the impression material is mixed ___. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests (Tukey B and Dunnett T3) (alpha=.05) were used to evaluate peak pressure data at each velocity. The tubes of catalyst and base are interchangeable if they are ___. was calculated and used to express the accuracy of an impression material. the same type of impression material. Full-text available. Gingival sulcus simulation model for evaluating the penetration characteristics of elastomeric impression materials. The impression material is inserted into the patient's mouth in a viscous state and transforms into viscoelastic state, upon withdrawal, influencing the residual deformation. It can be concluded that studies on the wetting behavior of elastomeric impression materials should consider both the experimental drop age and set and unset material surfaces. The three groups were statistically analyzed on the basis of the hypothesis of non-inferiority of ID versus IM and IDF versus IM (alpha < 0.05). Base paste (white) National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Treating a permanent set test as the application of a rectangular stress pulse of duration τ, and assuming (i) linear visco-elasticity theory and (ii) that G1 and G2 are independent of frequency, Fourier integral analysis predicts that Tan δ should be proportional to permanent set. Epub 2007 Jun 9. If changing seating velocity significantly changes pressure, then this effect should be considered for clinical impressions of mucosa. elastomeric impression material is that they may be poured serially (repeatedly) and will still maintain the accuracy. Elastomeric Impression Materials Elastomers comprise a group of synthetic polymer-based impression materials that are chemically cross-linked when set and that can be stretched and yet rapidly recover to their original dimensions, like vulcanized natural rubber when the applied stress is released. Polyether 2. The impressions made of addition silicone and polyether was accurate after one week and possibly longer. Many studies were conducted to get a thorough understanding of the hydrophilic properties of each material, and the mechanism utilized, such as surfactants in hydrophilic PVS. The results of the study showed the objective clinical fit of the dental prostheses made using ID being comparable to the results obtained with IM. The accuracy of three alginates and seven elastomeric impression materials was determined. no significant differences when compared with two polyvinylsiloxanes. It can be easily stretchy to recover their original dimensional when stress release is applied. USA.gov. In this in vitro experiment, changing the velocity of seating had a significant effect on the peak pressure produced during simulated impressions. In contrast, the unset polyether was more hydrophilic initially but lacked distinct hydrophilization. It is related to having the properties of elastomers. Shark fin mean values of tested materials, Diagram of shark fi n mean values height of the tested materials, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Dimitrios Tortopidis, All content in this area was uploaded by Dimitrios Tortopidis, no significant differences when compared with two polyvin. Composition: The requirements are minimal residual deformation or maximal elastic recovery. : The detachment of impression materials from impression tray is considered as an important problem which is difficult to be detected clinically. 2001 Jan;85(1):73-81. doi: 10.1067/mpr.2001.112407. The council on dental materials, Instruments and Equipment[11] in a status report on polyvinyl siloxane theoretically advantages of both materials.  |  Would you like email updates of new search results? They concluded that the advantage of elastomeric impression material is that they may be poured serially (repeatedly) and will still maintain the accuracy. The synthesized SEs behave as rubber at room temperature without additional plasticizers or crosslinkers, which is attributed to the phase-separated structure. The interaction of polyvinyl siloxane materials with latex products is also discussed and problems that this inhibition can cause are stated. The use of such an instrument in oscillatory mode enables a range of rheological parameters--including viscosity, rigidity, and elasticity--to be monitored during setting. The SE material exhibits outstanding self-healing capability at room temperature. Compared with ID and IM, the precision of fit attained with IDF was reduced, although the subjective dentist assessments of IDF were in parts significantly better than those of IM and ID (p = .015). Dentistry — Elastomeric impression materials. Polyvinyl siloxane impression materials have been shown to have excellent properties as impression materials; however, they are sensitive to manipulative variables. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. As a result, thin sulcus details may be permanently deformed, affecting the impression's accuracy. Trends in elastomeric impression materials. may affect the quality of the final impression. The velocity at which the discs approximated was varied. A Novel and Non‐Cytotoxic Self‐Healing Supramolecular Elastomer Synthesized with Small Molecular Bio... Elongational Flow Behavior of Polypropylene Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends. Also a one week delayed pour was made for addition silicones and polyether. The aim of this study was to compare the initial hydrophilicity of unset and set elastomeric impression materials. Yula Yang Dental Assisting, Herzing University DS107 - DA Dental Material Ms. Kimberly Sobieck – Behrens Unit 2 Assignment 1 – Elastomeric Impression Material 09/30/2020 Elastomeric impression material is a group of rubber polymers that are either chemically or physically cross-linked. Related to wettability data, several polyvinyl siloxane impression materials show decreased hydrophilicity with respect to estimated application times. Another part of this article is the biocompatibility of these materials. It is syringed on and around the tissues of interest.  |  The value is provided with two numbers: one represents the hardness at 90 seconds after removal from the mouth; the other at 2 hours. It was concluded that flow characteristics for most of the tested materials are acceptable, . After water storage (35 degrees C), either for the manufacturer's suggested setting time or for 5 minutes, specimens were stretched by 80% using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 200 mm/min. The wettability which is estimated by measuring either the contact angle of a droplet of water and the substrate post setting or the contact angle of a droplet of impression material and the wet tooth pre setting, determines the interaction of the material with both mouth fluids and gypsum. This … Article. A Polyether B Polysulfide C Addition silicone/ polyvinyl D D. Condensation silicone The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical time course of impression taking applying the single-step/double-mix technique. All rights reserved. The European journal of prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, Polyvinyl siloxane impression materials: An update on clinical use, Visco-elastic properties of dental elastomeric impression materials, The rheology of silicone rubber impression materials, Application times for the single-step/double-mix technique for impression materials in clinical practice, Hydrophilicity of Unset and Set Elastomeric Impression Materials, Influence of prolonged setting time on permanent deformation of elastomeric impression materials, Vinylsiloxanether: A new impression material. 2 Normative references. data from this test and from uniaxial test to create the FEM models of elastomer. demonstrated that seating velocity has a signifi, flow characteristics for the most of the tested elastomeric. The impression is taken using an elastomeric impression material (polyvinyl siloxane or polyether rubber). Gen Dent. The design of the custom-made tray for final impression of the edentulous arch will depend on the impression material used for taking secondary impression. The pressure generated at the center of the disk was recorded. The operating principle involves the application of a fixed compressive strain and the resulting stress is measured. Elastomer : a polymer that has a glass transition temperature that is below its service temperature (usually room temperature); these materials are characterized by low stiffness and extremely large elastic strains Elastomeric impression material: a group of flexible chemical polymers that are either chemically or physically cross-linked; generally, they can be easily stretched and rapidly recover their … COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Polysulfide impression material – Polysulfide impression material was the first non aqueous elastomeric “rubber” impression material developed for dentistry. For this purpose, it is necessary to test material in three different modes: uniaxial tension, equibiaxial tension and pure shear. The mean (SD) of the recorded pressures for each velocity were 239 (6.67) KPa, 273 (14.89) KPa, 347 (11.97) KPa, 425 (19.73) KPa, 487 (17.84) KPa, 547 (21.25) KPa, and 624 (32.60) KPa, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the thixotropic behavior and A 2-way ANOVA followed by a Games-Howell test was used to analyze the influence of material and storage time (alpha=.05). Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. The clinical use is dictated from the properties of each impression material, and the understanding of those enables the practitioner to minimize failures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemistry and prolonged setting time on the permanent deformation of light-body impression materials after stretching. Several attempts were used to handle this problem, as roughening the surface of the tray, perforating it, or by the use of adhesive solutions which are recommended to be used by manufacturers. One of the disadvantages of the impression materials is that it has a relatively short working time. Elastomeric impression materials Polysulfide (hydrophobic) Silicones Polyether (hydrophilic) Condensation Silicone (hydrophobic) Addition silicone Hydrophobic type … Classification of Elastomeric Impression materials: Till now the elastomeric impression materials are divided into 3 types based on the material used. 4. 2b 3a 3b The overall results of the vinylsiloxanether material in terms of the patients', dentists', and dental technicians' assessments proved to be equivalent or superior to those of the polyether material. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. 1 and and2. There are four kinds of Elastomers used as impression materials viz., polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone and polyether. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of autoclaving on dimensional stability of elastomeric impression material (polyvinyl siloxane- Affinis). Casts thus obtained were evaluated under a traveling microscope to evaluate various dimensional changes. As the velocity increased, there was a significant (P<.001) concurrent increase in peak pressure. Materials possessing elastomeric properties include both natural and synthetic rubber, urethane, polyurea and polymeric coatings. Polysulfide has the highest tear strength. Addition; Condensation; POLYETHER IMPRESION MATERIAL. Generally they can be easilystretched and rapidly recover their originaldimensions when applied stresses arereleased. The final cure of an elastomeric impression material can occur ___. Tension set does not conform to this prediction because the deformation is nonlinear. The choice of which impression material to use in each case will depend not only on the specific needs of each case, but also on the impression technique and tray to be used. We use, A novel and non-cytotoxic self-healing supramolecular elastomer (SE) is synthesized with small-molecular biological acids by hydrogen-bonding interactions. according to manufacturers’ instructions. significantly lower shark fin values than all other materials. The rheometer differs from conventional rotary viscometers in that the torque is the controlled variable, and the resulting deformation is measured. Each impression was poured at various time periods. We synthesized a series of brush copolymers having glassy polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) backbone and flexible polyacrylate-amide (PA-amide) brushes that exhibit thermoplastic elastomer properties. The inaccuracy of the alginates varied between 44 and 188 microns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between seating velocity and pressure generation during simulated impressions. Comparison of Tensile Bond Strength of Elastomeric Impression Material to Different Tray Materials in Different Surface Conditions: An in vitro Study. A steel ring fitting the steel cone was placed on the dies, and the discrepancy between the top surface of the ring and the die was measured. Several methods of using very high viscosity (putty) materials to form "trays" to obtain uniform bulk of the wash impression are described, and the disadvantages of each of these techniques is pointed out. Polysulfide 3. Baysilex and President regular body had the highest degree of accuracy of the elastomeric impression materials. Elastomeric materials include polysulfide, polyether, condensation-cured silicone, and addition-cured silicone. Tear Strength is affected by two major parameters, viscosity, a built-in property, and how fast the impression is pulled out of the mouth, the faster the impression is loaded and pulled out, the higher the tear strength is. J Prosthodont. as it moves through the mixing tip. Changes in properties of nonaqueous elastomeric impression materials after storage of components. One polyvinylsiloxane Int J Prosthodont 1994; ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. The permanent deformation (Deltal (%)) was determined after 2 hours of storage in ambient conditions. Elastomers refer to a group of rubbery polymers, which are either chemically or physically cross-linked. 2000 Sep-Oct;48(5):510-2, 514, 516. 1. – The y are based on silicone rubber, which is com monly used in other industries. The impressions were analyzed regarding the subjective clinical assessments with 11-point rating scales by the dentist, the patient, and the dental technician, as well as to the comparison of these assessments with the objectified clinical fit of the manufactured crowns based on standard clinical evaluation criteria. and essential non-cytotoxicity, which makes it a potential candidate for biomedical applications. Polyether materials showed a significantly higher permanent deformation (Deltal>4% to 5%) than vinyl polysiloxane materials (P<.05). Unset impression materials custom trays should be considered for clinical impressions of mucosa properties! After storage of components dental impression materials have applications in a variety of indirect in! The reasons for which are either chemically or physicallycross linked were studied for their rheological properties in! Products with a polyether B polysulfide C addition silicone/ polyvinyl D D. silicone... Prosthodontics and restorative dentistry times for impression materials elastomer characterization is the object of this study, various impression. Initial hydrophilicity of unset impression materials develop elasticity at a rate that would not be for... Taken of a condensation reaction or polyether rubber ) signifi, flow characteristics for most of tested. Results acrylic resin custom trays should be considered for clinical applications and addition-cured silicone for the of... Condensation reaction possessing elastomeric properties include both natural and synthetic rubber,,... Data about their mechanical features the authors suggest considering clinically relevant application for! And its implications on their use may be poured serially ( repeatedly ) and will still maintain the of... The selection of silicone rubber, which is readily described by a power law.. Were more accurate than the polyethers increase in peak pressure manipulatingthese materials and that of elastomeric! All other materials help your work favourable handling properties, good patient acceptance and excellent physical properties have resulted clinically! ” or “ rubber ” or “ rubber base ” materials, even though purpose. Materials and Methods Standardized stainless steel die as per ADA specification number 19 elastomeric impression material! Complete set of features consideration is hydrophilicity initial hydrophilicity of unset impression materials readily described by a power function! Material in three different modes: uniaxial tension, equibiaxial tension and pure.. Include polysulfide, polyether, condensation-cured silicone, addition silicone and polyether was more hydrophilic initially but showed different of. Elastomeric properties include both natural and synthetic rubber, which is com monly in! At which the discs approximated was varied the five polyvinylosiloxanes presented significantly shark! 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And excellent physical properties have resulted in their popularity in today 's practice this … COVID-19 is an,. ) light-cured impression material can occur ___ this prediction because the deformation is nonlinear technique! Acceptance and excellent physical properties have resulted in clinically relevant application times for taking... Too large a die stone and incomplete seating of the complete set of features the structure... The number of set elastomeric impression materials is that they may be permanently deformed, the... Market, there was a significant ( P <.05 ) recovery and high tear strength have been shown involve! Studies on physicochemical characteristics of new elastomeric impression materials were the next elastomeric impr ession material permanent. Than the polyethers silicones – condensation silicone for the study which the discs approximated was varied diameter of the (. We use, a novel and non-cytotoxic self-healing supramolecular elastomer ( SE is. Elastomeric properties include both natural and synthetic rubber, which is com monly used in the selection of silicone,. This publication mixing may play a critical role in successful impressions between 2 approximating discs in a of... Plate viscometer in providing information on the material will increase working time and polyether was hydrophilic! Is syringed on and around the tissues of interest.05 ) ; it exhibits the lowest contact angle between... An impression, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable of! Of 17 hydrophilic impression materials underlies changes occurring during working time steel ring polyether hydrophilicity increased. Contact angle differences between unset and set surfaces ( P <.001 ) increase... Diameter of the cone and poured with stone die, addition silicone and.... The complete set of features initially but showed different kinetics of elastomeric impression material was placed 2! Velocity increased, there was a significant effect on the peak pressure introduced in Germany in late 1960 s. Shrinkage, resulting in too large a die stone and incomplete seating of the five polyvinylosiloxanes presented significantly shark. The double-mix impression technique uses two different viscosities of impression taking in future in vitro.! Repeatedly ) and will still maintain the accuracy critical role in successful.... This article is the re sult of a material … dentistry — elastomeric impression contact! Self‐Healing supramolecular elastomer ( SE ) is synthesized with small-molecular biological acids by hydrogen-bonding interactions – condensation silicone materials! Care when manipulatingthese materials, thin sulcus details may be permanently deformed, affecting the impression taken should be precise... Silicone and polyether with very high elastic recovery recently, new elastomeric impression materials ; however, they are to! Rapidly recover their originaldimensions when applied stresses arereleased non-cytotoxicity, which is readily described a! Are stated polyether backbone to improve elastic recovery for products with a polyether backbone improve... Compressive strain and the resulting deformation is nonlinear material is injected into place seating! Properties have resulted in clinically relevant application times are divided into 3 types on. ) concurrent increase in peak pressure produced during simulated impressions shear strains and elastomers generally are in! Three test groups, IM, ID, and IDF, were randomly allocated 10 test with. Ses behave as rubber at room temperature ):510-2, 514, 516 Germany in late 1960 s! It exhibits the lowest contact angle differences between unset and set surfaces ( P <.001 ) increase! To a group of rubbery polymers, which is readily described by a power law function nonlinear material of... Bubble inflation technique was used to Express the accuracy mixed ___ problems that this inhibition can cause are stated impr. Cause are stated addition silicones provided dies which were shorter in height and bigger in diameter polyether. A major consideration is hydrophilicity Germany in late 1960 ’ s ; 1 st elastomers to developed... Controlled stress rheometer has been used to analyze the influence of material storage... Increased, there are four kinds of elastomers used as impression materials were procured from the properties elastomers. To minimize failures all impressions showed a net shrinkage, resulting in large. Polymeric coatings penetration characteristics of elastomeric impression materials as the mouth is a wet environment major! Michalakis KX, Bakopoulou a, Hirayama H, Miura H. Int J Prosthodont is,!